Objectives: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the integration of mental health program into primary health care system.Method: In a cross-sectional, quantitative and qualitative study, the knowledge, attitude and performance of 1209 individuals of general population, 146 behvarzes, 35 health technicians and 51 general practitioners from rural health centers of Gilan, Tehran, Meshad, Iran, Kerman and Kermanshah universities of medical sciences who were undercoverage and out of coverage of mental health program in the rural areas of selected centers, were selected by randomized cluster sampling. The data was gathered using knowledge, attitude and performance questionnaires of behvarzes, general population and general practitioners toward mental health, behvarzes' performance on training, following up and referral of mentally patients based on primary health care (PHC) program, knowledge and attitude of general population toward mental illnesses, epilepsy, mental retardation, their causes and treatments, general physicians awareness about treatment, referral and integration of mental health program into PHC, general practitioners's performance of health centers and a semi-structured questionnaire for focus group discussion sessions (FGD). Thirty trained mental health experts from neighborhood of selected provinces, completed questionnaires and analyzed. Descriptive statistics and independent t-test were executed.Results: There was significant difference between behvarzes in areas under coverage and out of coverage in knowledge (p£0.01) and attitude (p£0.04), as well as between general population in areas under coverage and out of coverage in knowledge (p£0.001) and attitude (p£0.001). Although the knowledge of general practitionners in the coverage areas were high, the findings showed that %34.3 of them had difficulty in diagnosis and %48.6 had problem in treatment of psychotic patients.Conclusion: Integration of mental health programs into PHC is an effective and affordable method which with continuous monitoring and evaluation could be lead to valuable results.

Objectives: Over ten years has passed since the integration of Mental Health Program into the Nations Primary Health Care system (PHC) yet its management thus far has not been assessed. The objective of this project was to evaluate the management performance of Mental Health Program in the PHC of Khuzestan province based on four dimensions of planning organization administration and control. Method: This was a descriptive-comparative and a practical study. The instrument to collect data was the five point scale Likrette ranking the responses from very much to very little. The population sample was 108 managers at various levels of mental health program in PHC of Khuzestan province. 77 of these managers volunteered to take part in the research. 8 were the heads of health care districts; 13 were mental health care specialists and 56 were general practitioners in charge of the health treatment centers in rural areas under the auspices of Mental Health Program. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Fisher exact test. Findings: The managers performed at a medium level across all four abovementioned dimensions. Comparison of the mean scores indicated that control and supervision were the strongest and administration was the weakest dimensions. Planning and organization were ranked respectively the second and the third. A significant difference was noted on the dimension of organization between the participants in the study at different levels of management; such difference was not indicated on other dimensions. Results: There is a gap between the ideal and the actual conditions of mental health program management in PHC of Khuzestan province.

Objectives: This study has aimed to evaluate the integration of mental health program into rural Primary Health Care (PHC) system in Sanandaj district.Method: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 330 people from rural population, 60 health workers (Behvarz), 33 health houses, 11 rural health centers, and 63 psychiatric patients and their families in Sanandaj district selected by a random sampling. Data were gathered through administering case finding questionnaires in the rural population, knowledge and attitude assessment of rural people and health workers, evaluation of mental health program in rural health care centers, and assessment of severe psychiatric and epileptic patients’ status. It was then analyzed using the descriptive statistics and X2 test.Results: Results indicated that knowledge and attitude of health workers towards psychiatric disorders are satisfactory; however, they are weak at case finding. Physicians working in the rural centers as the key agents have weak surveillance on mental health programs. More than 46% of basic psychiatric medications are not available in the rural centers and during the last year, there have not been any surveillance over physicians working in the rural centers from the scientific advisor of the mental health program (psychiatrist).Conclusion: General practitioners do not contribute significantly to mental health program integration into the PHC.

Stress and mental health at the place of work have received great attention by researchers. In spite of technology improvement in high-tech systems, the operators face new problems, which can affect mental health. There is hardly any published research about stress or mental health in such workplaces in developing countries. This paper presents the application of the self-rating scale General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) to study mental health of 160 controllers working in a part of Air Traffic Control (ATC) as a high-tech system in Iran. Logistic regression analysis showed that demographic variables did not exhibit a statistically significant effect on scores of the test. In order to compare mental health of these operators with general population, an exposure / non-exposure study was designed. Three age groups (less than 29 years, 30 through 39 y, and more than 40 y) were compared in exposed and non-exposed groups. The results of Fisher’s exact test showed that mental distress symptoms were significantly higher in the exposed group. There were significant job effects on somatization, anxiety and depression as well as on the total score of GHQ-28 for the two first age groups (P<.05). No significant effects of the job were found on social dysfunction symptoms in any age groups. The risk ratio of expressing depression and anxiety symptoms were more than three times greater in these operators than general population.

Introduction: Continuing control of mental health would be helper in decreasing health problems. So, each health system need to data for mental health promotion that WHO present the special instrument WHO-AIMS.Aim: This study was done for knowing with WHO-AIMS tool, health problems diagnosis in different countries and assessing mental health in Iran by WHO-AIMS.Material & Method: This study was done by systematic review. The key words were Mental Health Systems, and World Health Organization Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems in Iran and abroad. In Iran there was not article in introducing WHO-AIMS. But in the world 93 WHO reports and 10 research articles were found that introduced the WHO-AIMS, its usage problems and its applied for assessing mental health systems in different countries.Results: The findings showed that WHO-AIMS have consisted in 6 domains (policymaking, country program, law and budget for mental health, mental health services, mental health in PHC, manpower, health education and other section in mental health for example control and research), 28 sub-scale with 156 items. Also, the main and majority of mental health problems in different countries were no mental health law, low mental health budget, high costs for psychosocial intervention, unsuitable distribution of psychiatric hospitals, no collecting data, staff shortage, not enough educated personnel in mental health, lack of association for patients and their families, not enough mental health services and etc.Conclusion: WHO-AIMS instrument shows a clear picture of threats and opportunities of mental health systems in countries, so they would be improved their mental health systems and implemented their policy in mental health. This study resulted to knowing mental health managers and staff with this instrument and also, researchers drive to develop new tools for assessing mental health system.

Background: According to reported research, spiritual intelligence plays an active role in individuals' mental health, and the effectiveness of students' tolerance threshold and resilience on mental health has also been positively reported. In the predominant culture of Iranian universities, there are no indigenous patterns and logic to explain the effective factors on mental health, thus the need for creating a suitable indigenous model in this area is essential. Aims: The aim of the present study was to propose a model for elucidating the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between spiritual intelligence and mental health among students of Tehran's Azad University. Methods: This study was descriptive and of correlational and structural equations type. The statistical population of the study included all students studying at Islamic Azad Universities in Tehran during the academic year 2022-2023. A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select the sample, and a total of 685 individuals responded to the mental health (Goldberg, 1972), spiritual intelligence (King, 2008), and resilience (Connor & Davidson, 2003) questionnaires. Correlation analyses were conducted using SPSS software, and structural equation modeling analyses were performed using AMOS software. Results: Statistical analysis of the data showed that spiritual intelligence has a direct, positive, and significant impact on mental health (p< 0.05). Additionally, spiritual intelligence indirectly predicts students' mental health through the mediating role of resilience (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Given that spiritual intelligence is a trainable attribute, it is recommended that executives and stakeholders plan to enhance this attribute among students, thereby taking steps towards improving individuals' mental health. Therefore, it is necessary to create conditions for students to engage in discussions on life theories, death, and existence, pay more attention to non-material aspects (spirituality), and find meaning and purpose for their daily experiences.

The World Health Organization (WHO)declared the COVID-19 outbreak a public health emergency in January 2020 and identified it as a pandemic in March 2020 [1]. Following the official announcement of COVID cases in Iran and in response to a request from the Ministry of Health, the 4030 Call System was launched on February 27, 2020, to provide medical services addressing COVID-19-related needs.

Background and Aim: The health financing system is "the process of collecting, pooling and managing financial resources and purchasing healthcare services”, . Iran's health financing system is facing challenges. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Iranian health financing system. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study retrospectively evaluated the health financing system of Iran between 2000 and 2019 using archival data. Data were collected from the World Bank website and analyzed using the Excel software. Results: Iran's health expenditure per capita increased by 3. 7% annually between 2000 and 2019 and reached $868 (purchasing power parity) in 2019. Iran's total health expenditure increased from $32 billion in 2000 to $72 billion (purchasing power parity) in 2019 (5. 9% annual increase). Iran accounted for about 0. 6% of the world total health expenditure in 2019. In that year about 6. 7% of the country's gross domestic product was spent on health, the global average being 9. 8%, while the general government health expenditure (% of the then current health expenditure) in Iran and the world were 49. 5% and 59. 8%, respectively. Out-of-pocket expenditure (% of the then current health expenditure) decreased in the last decade in Iran, reaching 39. 5% in 2019, compared to 18% worldwide. Conclusion: Iran’, s health system costs are increasing at a faster rate than the growth of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The country’, s health expenditure (% of GDP) and, as a result, the general government health expenditure (% of general government expenditures) has decreased and out-of-pocket expenditure (% of current health expenditures) has increased. Therefore, reforms should be implemented to strengthen the country's health financing system.